Golden rules of English Grammar

*🌴Regular Plurals🌴*

👉Rule:1 nouns + s

• bag = bags
• cup = cups
• email = emails
• god = gods
• house = houses
• student = students

👉Rule:2 nouns ending with …x/ch/sh/s/ss/z/zz  +  es (regular plural)

• bench = benches
• box = boxes
• bus = buses
• buzz = buzzes
• class = classes
• dish = dishes
• whiz(z) = whizzes
Exception :
• epoch = epochs
• stomach = stomachs

👉Rule :3 nouns ending with …o  +  es (regular plural)

• buffalo = buffaloes
• domino = dominoes
• echo = echoes
• hero = heroes
• mango = mangoes
• potato = potatoes
• tomato = tomatoes

Exceptions …o  +  s(regular plural)

• auto = autos
• kilo = kilos
• memo = memos
• photo = photos
• piano = pianos
• studio = studios
• zoo = zoos

• cargo = cargos/cargoes
• zero = zeros/zeroes

👉Rule: 4 nouns ending with …consonant + y = ies (regular plural)

• baby = babies
• daisy = daisies
• fly = flies
• lady = ladies
• story = stories

👉Rule: 5  nouns ending with …vowel + y = s  (regular plural)

• boy = boys
• chimney = chimneys
• day = days
• essay = essays
• key = keys
• play = plays
• toy = toys
• valley = valleys

👉Rule:6  nouns ending with …f/fe = ves  (regular plural)

• knife = knives
• life = lives
• loaf = loaves
• scarf = scarves
• self = selves
• thief = thieves
• wife = wives
• wolf = wolves

Exceptions :
• belief = beliefs
• chief = chiefs
• cliff = cliffs
• roof = roofs

*🌳Irregular Plurals🌳*

👉Rule:1 a = e(Irregular Plural)

• gentleman = gentlemen
• man = men
• policeman = policemen
• postman = postmen
• woman = women

👉Rule:2 en (Irregular Plural)

• child = children
• ox = oxen
• brother = brethren

👉Rule:3  oo = ee (Irregular Plural)

• foot = feet
• goose = geese
• tooth = teeth

Exceptions:

• book = books
• hook = hooks
• roof = roofs
• room = rooms

👉Rule:4  …ouse  = …ice(Irregular Plural)

• louse = lice
• mouse = mice

Others

• blouse = blouses
• house = houses

👉Rule:5  …um/on  = …a(Irregular Plural)

• automaton = automata
• bacterium = bacteria
• criterion = criteria
• curriculum = curricula
• datum = data
• erratum = errata
• medium = media
• ovum = ova
• phenomenon= phenomena
• phylum = phyla

👉Rule:6  …a  = …ae(Irregular Plural)

• alga = algae
• alumna = alumnae
• amoeba = amoebae
• antenna = antennae
• formula = formulae
• larva = larvae
• nebula = nebulae
• vertebra = vertebrae
• vita = vitae

👉Rule:7  …us  = …i(Irregular Plural)

• alumnus = alumni
• bacillus = bacilli
• cactus = cacti
• focus = foci
• fungus = fungi
• nucleus = nuclei
• octopus = octopi
• radius = radii
• stimulus = stimuli
• syllabus = syllabi
• terminus = termini

👉Rule:8  …us  = …a(Irregular Plural)

• corpus = corpora
• genus = genera

👉Rule:9  …i(s)  = …e(s) (Irregular Plural)

• analysis = analyses
• axis = axes
• basis = bases
• crisis = crises
• diagnosis = diagnoses
• ellipses = ellipsis
• hypothesis = hypothesis
• oasis = oases
• parenthesis= parentheses
• synopsis = synopses
• thesis = theses

👉Rule:10  …e/Ix  = …ices(Irregular Plural)

• apex = apices
• appendix = appendices
• codex = codices
• index = indices
• matrix = matrices
• vortex = vortices

👉Rule:11  …eau  = …eaux(Irregular Plural)

• beau = beaux
• bureau = bureaux
• chateau = chateaux
• plateau = plateaux
• tableau = tableaux

👉Rule:12  Singular-Plural same

• aircraft = aircraft
• cod = cod
• deer = deer
• fish = fish
• means = means
• offspring = offspring
• series = series
• sheep = sheep
• species = species

👉Rule:13  Some other Italian Words in plural:

• concerto = concerti
• graffito = graffiti
• libretto = libretti
• tempo = tempi
• virtuoso = virtuosi

👉Rule:14  Some Hebrew Words in Plural:

• cherub = cherubim
• seraph = seraphim

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